项目摘要
Annual output of refined zinc in China is about 6 million tons, and refined zinc by hydrometallurgy production is more than 90%, annual output of by-product purification copper slag is about 200 thousand tons. Purification copper slag is a leaching residue of zinc and cadmium recovery from copper and cadmium slag, and content of copper is 50~55% and content of cadmium is 1~3%. Purification copper slag is a hazardous solid waste and have high economic value, but there is no safe and effective treatment method now. A new idea is proposed to recovery of copper from purification copper slag in zinc hydrometallurgy using atmospheric acid oxidation leaching and turbulence electrowinning technology,and obtains extraction of copper and enrichment of cadmium. The project is to conduct systematic research the following contents: the mechanism of atmospheric acid oxidation leaching of multicomponent valuable elements in purification copper slag, the migration and precipitation behavior of copper ions in turbulence solution under the strong electric field, the influence rules and regulation mechanism of impurity ions in turbulence electrowinning and the coupling relationship between solution flow rate and cathode current density in turbulence electrowinning. In addition, the project aims to solve leaching mechanism of purification copper slag and dynamic behaviors of interface corrosion in the process of atmospheric acid oxidation leaching, migration behavior of copper ions in turbulence solution under the strong electric field and regulation mechanism of impurity ions. This research provides a new way for the comprehensive utilization of purification copper slag, promotes the engineering application of a novel short process of purification copper slag from zinc hydrometallurgy and achieves the reclamation and harmless of purification copper slag from zinc hydrometallurgy.
我国精炼锌年产量约为600万t,其中湿法生产精炼锌占90%以上,每年副产净化铜渣约为20万t。净化铜渣是铜镉渣回收锌、镉后的浸出尾渣,其中铜含量为50~60%,镉含量为1~3%,属于危险固体废物,具有较高经济价值,目前尚无安全、有效的处理方法。本项目提出了常压氧化酸浸-湍流电积回收湿法炼锌净化铜渣中金属铜的新思路,实现有价金属铜的提取与镉的富集。拟对净化铜渣中多组分有价元素常压氧化酸浸机理、强电场作用下湍流溶液中铜离子的迁移及析出行为、湍流电积过程杂质离子的影响规律与调控机制、湍流电积过程溶液流速与阴极电流密度的耦合关系进行系统研究。解决常压氧化酸浸过程中净化铜渣浸出机理与界面腐蚀的动力学行为、强电场作用下湍流溶液中铜离子的迁移行为及杂质离子调控机制的关键科学问题。为净化铜渣综合利用提供新途径,促进净化铜渣短流程湿法冶金新工艺的工程化应用,实现湿法炼锌净化铜渣的资源化与无害化。
结项摘要
我国精炼锌产量逐年增加,湿法炼锌副产物净化铜渣量也随之增大,净化铜渣属于危险固体废物,其中含有多种有价金属,必须对其加以回收处理。此外,净化铜渣为铜含量较高的含铜废料,相对于贫铜矿具有更高的研究利用价值。本项目针对湿法炼锌行业副产物净化铜渣的成分及结构特性,结合湍流电积技术对存在析出电位差异的复杂多金属离子溶液分离与提取的优势,以云南某湿法炼锌厂副产物净化铜渣为研究对象,采用常压氧化酸浸-湍流电积的方式回收净化铜渣中的有价金属铜。开展了常压氧化酸浸-湍流电积回收净化铜渣中金属铜,添加剂和杂质金属离子作用下铜电解液湍流电积提取金属铜的研究,结果表明:①常压氧化酸浸的最佳条件为:硫酸浓度150g/L,液固比4:1mL/g,过氧化氢用量为理论计算值的4倍,浸出时间60min,温度30℃,粒度-75μm,搅拌速度300r/min。②三段湍流电积最佳条件:第一阶段,终点铜离子浓度为18g/L-20g/L,电流密度300A/m2,循环流量400L/h时,阴极铜纯度可达99.996%,电流效率可达98.75%;第二阶段,终点铜离子浓度为7g/L-10g/L,电流密度400A/m2,循环流量700L/h时,阴极铜的纯度可达99.99%,电流效率可达98.93%;第三阶段,终点铜离子浓度在0.5g/L以下,电流密度200A/m2,循环流量500L/h时,阴极铜纯度可达99.9%,电流效率可达93.37%。③Fe3+对铜的回收率影响最大,Cd2+对回收率影响最小;添加Fe3+阴极铜纯度影响大于添加Zn2+和Cd2+;Zn2+对电流效率影响最大,Cd2+对电流效率影响最小。加入Zn2+会在阴极铜宏观形貌上形成枝晶结构,加入Cd2+、Fe3+时则产生致密的阴极铜。④低硫脲浓度时,铜颗粒的水平间距会随硫脲浓度增大;高硫脲浓度时,铜颗粒在竖直长度会随硫脲浓度增加。低电流密度时,铜颗粒表面存在孔隙、凹陷和凸起等缺陷;高电流密度时,铜颗粒会依次聚集成花椰菜状、树枝状。本项目揭示了净化铜渣中多组分有价元素常压氧化酸浸机理,阐明湍流电积过程中金属铜迁移行为与析出机制;建立湿法炼锌净化铜渣常压氧化酸浸-湍流电积回收金属铜的基础理论,对解决净化铜渣的资源与环境难题有重要意义。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(7)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(2)
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