松墨天牛和松材线虫滞育的信息素诱导及其内在化感和激素调控

Diapause is one of the development states for organisms who are adapt to the environmental change. Since ascarosides has been found to indcue dauer formation of nematodes, the function of chemical communications on the diapause of nematodes was concerned again. However, most studies focused on the nematodes rather than insects. The pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is one of important invasive organisms, which co-evolutes with its vector insect, cerambycid beetle (Monochamus alternatus). The nematodes and the mature larvae of the beetle enter into diapause simultaneously in the same habitat（near the pupal chamber of the beetle）. We found that a series of ascarosides were on the body surface of the beetles, and kept their larvae in diapause with ascarosides together. Therfore, the netmatode and the beetle provide an ideal model for study the mechanism of chemical communication inducing the diapause. The research will focus on the chemical signal and hormones levels of the nematodes and insects. It will clarify the chemical communication mechanism of their diapuase regulation. According to it, We will understand deeply the co-evolution of the insect-nematode relationships and diapause of organisms.

滞育现象是生物在适应不良环境过程中形成的一种发育状态。近年来随着线虫滞育信息素ascarosides的发现，化学通讯在线虫滞育发育诱导中的功能重新引起了关注，而昆虫滞育信息素的结构鉴定及其化感机理尚有很大研究空间。松材线虫是我国重大外来入侵种，与传播媒介松墨天牛之间形成了协同进化关系。进入冬季，松材线虫和松墨天牛老熟幼虫在同一微生境（松墨天牛蛹室）同时进入滞育。本课题组在研究松材线虫滞育信息素时，意外发现松墨天牛体表也含有一系列线虫ascarosides组分，并使天牛维持在老熟幼虫期。因此，在此体系中的两种不同生物为研究化学通讯诱导滞育的普遍性提供了对比模式。本项目将以滞育发育为切入点，研究松墨天牛和松材线虫滞育的化学诱导及其体内化学感受和激素调节机制，进而阐明松墨天牛和松材线虫滞育调控的信息素内在机制保守性和进化特性，丰富生物滞育发育调控理论，为害虫防控提供理论基础。

滞育现象是生物在适应不良环境过程中形成的一种发育状态。近年来随着线虫滞育信息素ascarosides的发现，化学通讯在线虫滞育发育诱导中的功能重新引起了关注，而昆虫滞育信息素的结构鉴定及其化感机理尚有很大研究空间。松材线虫是我国重大外来入侵种，与传播媒介松墨天牛之间形成了协同进化关系。进入冬季，松材线虫和松墨天牛老熟幼虫在同一微生境（松墨天牛蛹室）同时进入滞育。本课题组在研究松材线虫滞育信息素时，意外发现松墨天牛体表也含有一系列线虫ascarosides组分，并使天牛维持在老熟幼虫期。因此，揭示松墨天牛的低温适应机制也许能够解释松墨天牛-松材线虫共生体系为何能广泛传播蔓延，并爆发成灾。本项目以滞育发育为切入点，研究松墨天牛和松材线虫滞育的化学诱导及其体内化学感受和激素调节机制，并从表观遗传miRNA的角度揭示了松墨天牛的低温适应机制。本研究不仅说明了miRNA和蛔甙类物质在昆虫适应性中扮演着重要的角色，也一定程度上解释了松墨天牛和松材线虫病的广泛传播蔓延并爆发成灾。发表5篇SCI论文，其中IF>5的3篇；发表中文核心期刊论文2篇；申请国家发明专利5项。