基于土地利用变化的环太湖地区生境网络优化研究

Habitat networks have been badly destroyed in rapid urbanizing areas, which in turn caused serious influence to biodiversity conservation and ecological system health of the whole area, due to the factors such as land intensive utility and land use pattern transformation. However, the problems of habitat network building and optimizing in rapid urbanizing areas cannot be solved effectively by traditional methods because of the following reasons: the static network building methods are not suitable for the conditions of dynamic network development; the solo-objective oriented network assessments cannot meet the demands of multi-objective oriented regional development; the issue of land use planning has not been taken enough consideration into the field of habitat network studies. The implementation of habitat network conservation in rapid urbanizing areas is facing the challenges of feasibility and applicability. Therefore, new methods of habitat network building and optimizing for rapid urbanizing areas are urgently and necessarily needed. Hence, the proposal of this project is trying to solve the problem of habitat network building through a mixed method of multi-layers habitat network recombination; to forecast the dynamic habitat networks through an analyzing model on the relationships among land use change scenarios and the response trends of habitat networks from the perspectives of land use quantitative structure and spatial pattern; to deal with the problem of habitat network optimization through an adjusting model developed from a combined multi-objective habitat network assessments. The characteristics of this project are two main points: to develop a new model to forecast habitat networks through analyzing the relationships among land use change scenarios and the response trends of habitat networks and to develop a new model to optimize habitat networks through combining three different habitat network assessments. The essence of this project is trying to analyze and conclude characteristics of dynamic habitat networks in rapid urbanizing areas through the technologies of RS and GIS and mathematical analysis methods. Therefore, the project is very important in theoretical research and empirical practice especially for the study cases of rapid urbanizing areas. The results of the project, in forward, will contribute to promote the study issues of biodiversity conservation, regional ecological networks and ecological security patterns.

快速城市化地区土地集约化利用、土地利用方式转变等因素严重破坏了生境网络，极大影响了整个区域生物多样性和生态系统健康。而传统静态生境网络构建方法应对性不强、单目标网络评价优化方法不全面、与土地利用规划结合不紧密，致使生境网络优化结果可行性较差、应用性较弱、保护难度较大，迫切需要研究新的适于快速城市化地区生境网络构建与优化的方法。本项目试图采用多层次生境网络耦合方法解决网络构建问题；采用土地利用变化多情景模拟与差异分析方法解决网络预测问题；采用多目标生境网络调控方法解决网络优化问题。项目特色在于研究并构建基于土地利用变化多情景模拟的生境网络预测方法和基于多目标优化的生境网络调控模式。科学实质是试图借助RS、GIS技术和数学方法分析和发现快速城市化地区生境网络变化特征，问题探讨和解决对于快速城市化地区生境网络理论和技术研究有重要意义，为物种多样性保护、区域生态网络与生态安全格局等研究提供参考。

本项目提出了适用于快速城市化地区，具备动态、多目标、土地集约持续利用、与土地利用规划紧密结合等特征的生境网络构建优化方法，为实现生物多样性保护、维护生态系统服务功能提供了有效支撑。通过构建多因子加权叠加模型，提出了研究区景观格局的适宜尺度域。通过MSPA-连接度-空间句法分析，提出了生态保护空间优先级划分模型。采用多情景空间扩张互侵过程模拟的方法，提出了一套分区式土地生态安全动态评价流程。构建了基于保护和提升生境网络及其质量的概念模型，提供了解决建设用地“如何减？减哪里？减多少？”问题的思路。采用生态系统服务价值货币化等方法，揭示了土地利用变化动态、生态系统服务及生境网络间的时空关系和主要驱动因素。从“最大覆盖”和“集合覆盖”问题出发，采用成本收益、网络效能、景观功能性连接度等方法，解决了目标物种生境网络优化的问题，提出鸟类生境网络耦合优化的普适方法，并被应用到城市生态网络规划中，加强了土地利用规划管理的探索和实践。. 埃塞俄比亚裂谷地区人口城镇化迅速，土地利用变化明显，致使区域生物多样性及生态系统服务价值下降。通过综合空间模拟、质性分析、随机性统计学等方法，解释了地区土地利用变化的驱动机制。. 项目实施过程中，发表了（含在线优先发表1篇和已录用1篇）学术论文24篇，其中SCI/SSCI期刊（如Global Ecology and Conservation、Sustainability、Environmental Monitoring and Assessment等）13篇、北大中文核心期刊11篇（其中生态学报8篇）、CSSCI期刊3篇。培养留学博士生3名、硕士生3名，支持2名本科生分别获得国家和江苏省大学生创新性实验计划项目资助。项目组成员多次参加国际重要学术会议（如美国生态学学会年会、日本生态学学会年会）和国内一级学会及专委会会议（如中国生态学学会、中国地理学会、中国自然资源学会等），并在分会场宣读论文。与埃塞俄比亚迪拉大学（Dila University）签订了合作备忘录（MoU），展开了论文合作。此外，美国亚利桑那州立大学教授、Landscape Ecology主编邬建国受邀参加由项目组举办了一次小型工作会议。