聚磷腈增韧阻燃双马来酰亚胺/碳纤维复合材料的设计、性能及机理研究

Aiming to overcome the current problems of poor toughness, low flame-retardant property after toughening of bismaleimide resin (BMI), and the problem of poor interfacial adhesion between carbon fiber reinforced BMI composites, some reactive flame retardant BMI monomer and flame retardant toughener, functionalized polyphosphazene and its multiple nanostructures are synthesized based on the combination of molecule design, interface regulation, nanocomposite technology, synergistic flame retardant. Through optimizing the experimental conditions, toughened-flame retardant BMI composites with excellent mechanical properties, fire resistance，low toxic gases and smoke are obtained. The effects of polyphosphazene tougheners with different structures on the hygrothermal and mechanical properties of BMI composites are studied; moreover, the influence of interfacial behaviors and dispersion state of functionalized cross-linked polyphosphazene on the hygrothermal and mechanical properties of the BMI nanocomposites are also investigated. The internal relationship among the composition, structure and properties, and the reinforcement mechanism of functionalized polyphosphazene are clarified. The effects of flame retardant monomers with different composition, functionalized polyphosphazenes and their multi-dimensional nanostructures on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of composites are studied as well. The influence of material composition, type and external conditions on the products of gas phase and condensed phase in the combustion process of composite materials are investigated to reveal the synergistic flame retardant mechanism. The project provides theoretical basis and experimental basis for preparing high-performance toughened and flame retardant BMI composites.

本项目针对双马来酰亚胺树脂（BMI）存在韧性差、增韧后阻燃性能下降等缺点，及其碳纤维增强复合材料存在界面黏结性差等问题，结合分子设计、界面调控、纳米复合及协效阻燃的原理，设计合成反应型阻燃BMI单体及阻燃增韧剂，功能化聚磷腈及其多元纳米结构，优化工艺条件，制备出具有优良的阻燃和力学性能的增韧阻燃BMI复合材料。研究不同结构组成的聚磷腈类增韧剂对复合材料的力学性能、耐湿热性能的影响，研究聚磷腈的表/界面特性和分散状态对碳纤维增强BMI复合材料的耐湿热性和力学性能的影响，构建材料组成、结构与性能之间的关系，揭示聚磷腈结构的增韧增强机理；研究不同组成结构的阻燃单体、功能化聚磷腈及其多元纳米结构对复合材料的热稳定性和阻燃性能的影响，研究材料组成、类型和外部条件等因素对复合材料燃烧过程中气相、凝聚相产物的影响，揭示协同阻燃机理。本项目为制备高性能增韧阻燃BMI复合材料提供理论依据和实验基础。